![]() ◾National disaster management legislation which provides a framework for ordered and distributed responsibility and the institutional and financial tools needed. The cases studies analysed in this review indicate that national disaster management systems can be strengthened through: ◾An impetus for change such as a specific disaster highlighting state weakness or civil society advocacy that can inspire governments to assume leadership. However, international actors often fail to work effectively with national authorities. Where they have the capacity, state-led responses have been evaluated to be more effective than responses led by others. Helpdesk Question What are the lessons arising from case studies illustrating the development of nationally-owned and -led systems for responding to humanitarian crises in developing countries? How do governments manage flexible budgeting and planning processes to respond to these crises? Summary National governments have the primary responsibility for leading and coordinating humanitarian response in their countries. ![]() SNS potentially can play a significant role for an endangered language like Udmurt, but at present it is difficult to determine whether these activities on SNS have substantial and sustainable influence on the maintenance of the Udmurt language. Numbers indicate that the aforementioned, generally urban, activists and journalists are not strong in numbers, but are yet largely responsible for the increased visibility of the Udmurt language on the Internet today. SNS could also support the coherence of the Udmurt diaspora within or even without Russia. First findings indicate that the biggest beneficiaries of SNS are language and cultural activists, as well as journalists of traditional Udmurt mass media (TV, news- papers, etc.) which found new channels to distribute their information. ![]() ![]() This article examines social network sites (SNS) such as VKontakte, Twitter and blogs in order to assess the role that Udmurt plays in these channels. The Udmurt language is one of the most visible Finno-Ugric languages of the Russian Federation on the Internet. ![]()
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